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| What | Comment | Example(s) |
| Numbers | The decimal separator (. or ,) is taken from the Regional settings of your device. | 123.45 -1.2e55 |
| Text | Enclosed in " character. | "Hello World" |
| Date/Time | The format of the date/time value
is taken from the Regional settings of your device. You must specify a year in the date. |
8/22/99 (in the U.S.A) 22.8.99 (in Germany) 10:44 12/30/1999 14:25:30 |
| Boolean | true or false | true false |
Operators
Arithmetic operators: +, -, /, *, %, ^ (exponentiation operator).
Comparative operators: =, <>, <, <=, >, >=.
Text joining operator: & (Example: "Hello " & "world!")
Functions
Math & Trig Functions
| Abs(number) | Returns the absolute value of a number | Abs(-3) = 3 |
| Acos(number) | Returns the arccosine of a number. The number must be from -1 to 1 | Acos(0) = 1.57079 |
| Acosh(number) | Returns the inverse hyperbolic cosine of a number. The number must be greater or equal to 1 | Acosh(1) = 0.04613 |
| Asin(number) | Returns the arcsine of a number. The number must be from -1 to 1 | Asin(-0.5) = -0.5236 |
| Asinh(number) | Returns the inverse hyperbolic sine of a number | Asinh(8) = 2.77647 |
| Atan(number) | Returns the arctangent of a number | Atan(0.5) = 0.46365 |
| Atan2(x,y) | Returns the arctangent of the specified x and y coordinates | Atan2(1, 1) = 0.785398 |
| Atanh(number) | Returns the inverse hyperbolic tangent of a number. The number must be between -1 and 1 (excluding -1 and 1) | Atanh(-0.1) = -0.10034 |
| Ceiling(number, significance) | Returns the number rounded up to the nearest multiple of the significance | Ceiling(10.43, 0.1) = 10.5 |
| Combin(number, numberChosen) | Returns the number of combinations. Number is the number of items, numberChosen is the number of items in each combination | Combin(10, 2) = 45 |
| Cos(number) | Returns the cosine of the given angle | Cos(0.5) = 0.87758 |
| Cosh(number) | Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number | Cosh(5) = 74.20995 |
| Degrees(number) | Converts radians into degrees | Degrees(Pi()/2) = 90 |
| Even(number) | Returns the number rounded up to the nearest even integer | Even(1.3) = 2 |
| Exp(number) | Returns e raised to the power of the number | Exp(Ln(2)) = 2 |
| Fact(number) | Returns the factorial of a number. The number must be nonnegative number | Fact(5) = 120 |
| Floor(number, significance) | Rounds the number down, toward zero, to the nearest multiple of the significance | Floor(3.5, 1) = 3 |
| Int(number) | Rounds a number down to the nearest integer | Int(1.7) = 1 |
| Ln(number) | Returns the natural logarithm of a number | Ln(Exp(2)) = 2 |
| Log(number, base) | Returns the logarithm of a number to the base you specify . If the base is omitted, it is assumed to be 10 | Log(100, 10) = 2 |
| Log10(number) | Returns the logarithm (base 10) of a number | Log10(100) = 2 |
| Mod(number, divisor) | Returns the remainder after the number is divided by the divisor | Mod(5, 2) = 1 |
| Odd(number) | Returns the number rounded up to the nearest odd integer | Odd(2) = 3 |
| Pi() | Returns the number 3.14159265358979, the mathematical constant π | |
| Power(number, power) | It raises the number to the power. You can also use the "^" operator (e.g. 4^2) | Power(4,2) = 16 |
| Product(number, number, ...) | Multiplies all the numbers given as arguments and returns the product | Product(2, 3, 5) = 30 |
| Radians(number) | Converts degrees to radians | Radians(180) = 3.14159 |
| Rand() | Returns a random number greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1 | |
| Round(number) | Rounds a number to the specified number of digits | Round(5.46, 1) = 5.5 |
| RoundDown(number, numDigits) | Rounds the number down, toward zero, to the specified number of digits | RoundDown(40.8, 0) = 40 |
| RoundUp(number, numDigits) | Rounds the number up, away from zero, to the specified number of digits | RoundUp(39.1, 0) = 40 |
| Sign(number) | Returns 1 if the number is positive, 0 if the number is 0, and -1 if the number is negative | Sign(-5) = -1 |
| Sin(number) | Returns the sine of the given angle | Sin(Pi()/2) = 1 |
| Sinh(number) | Returns the hyperbolic sine of the number | Sinh(3) = 10.01787 |
| Sqrt(number) | Returns the square root | Sqrt(4) = 2 |
| Sum(number, number, ...) | Return the sum of all the numbers in the list of arguments | Sum(10, 20) = 30 |
| Sumsq(number, number, ...) | Returns the sum of squares of the arguments | Sumsq(2, 5) = 29 |
| Tan(number) | Returns the tangent of the given angle | Tan(5) = -3.38051 |
| Tanh(number) | Returns the hyperbolic tangent of the number | Tanh(1) = 0.76159 |
| Trunc(number, numDigits) | Truncates the number to an integer. The argument numDigits is the precision of the truncation. The default value for the numDigits is 0 | Trunc(-7.8) = -7 |
Statistical Functions
| Avedev(number, number, ...) | Returns the average of the absolute deviations of data points from their mean |
| Average(number, number, ...) | Returns the average of the arguments |
| AverageA(number, number, ...) | Returns the average of all values in a set of values (TRUE is 1, FALSE and texts are 0) |
| Betadist(x, alfa, beta, A, B) | Returns the cumulative beta probability density function |
| Beatainv(probability, alfa, beta, A, B) | Returns the inverse of the cumulative beta probability density function |
| Binomdist(numOfSuccess, trials, probability, cumulative) | Returns the individual term binomial distribution probability |
| Confidence(alfa, standardDeviation, size) | Returns the confidence interval for a population mean |
| Correl(reference1, reference2) | Returns the correlation coefficient between two data sets |
| Critbinom(trials, probability, alfa) | Returns the smallest value for which the cumulative binomial distribution is greater than or equal to a criterion value |
| Devsq(number, number, ...) | Returns the sum of squares of deviations of data points from their sample mean |
| Expondist(x, lambda, cumulative) | Returns the exponential distribution value |
| Fdist(x, degOfFreedom1, degOfFreedom2) | Returns the F probability distribution for two data sets |
| Finv(probability, degOfFreedom1, degOfFreedom2) | Returns the inverse of the F probability distribution |
| Fisher(number) | Returns the Fisher transformation value |
| Fisherinv(number) | Returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation |
| Forecast(x, seriesY, seriesX) | Predicts a future value along a linear trend |
| Ftest(reference1, reference2) | Returns the result of a F-test |
| Gammadist(x, alfa, beta, cumulative) | Returns the gamma distribution value |
| Gammainv(probability, alfa, beta) | Returns the inverse of the gamma cumulative distribution |
| Gammaln(number) | Returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function |
| Geomean(number, number, ...) | Returns the geometric mean of a range of positie numeric data |
| Harmean(number, number, ...) | Returns the harmonic mean of a data set of positive numbers |
| Hypgeomdist(numSuccInSample, size, numSuccInPop, popSize) | Returns the hypergeometric distribution |
| Chidist(x, degOfFreedom) | Returns the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution |
| Chiinv(x, degOfFreedom) | Returns the inverse of the one-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution |
| Chitest(reference1, reference2) | Returns the test for independence (the value from the chi-squared distribution for the statistic and the appropriate degrees of freedom) |
| Kurt(number, number, ...) | Returns the kurtosis of a data set |
| Loginv(probability, mean, standardDeviation) | Returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution function of x |
| Lognormdist(x, mean, standardDeviation) | Returns the cumulative lognormal distribution of x |
| Max(number, number, ...) | Returns the maximum value in the list of arguments |
| MaxA(number, number, ...) | Returns the largest value in a set of values (TRUE is 1, FALSE and texts are 0) |
| Median(number, number, ...) | Returns the median, or the number in the middle of the set of given numbers |
| Min(number, number, ...) | Returns the minimum value in the list of arguments |
| MinA(number, number, ...) | Returns the smallest value in a set of values (TRUE is 1, FALSE and texts are 0) |
| Mode(number, number, ...) | Returns the most frequently occurring, or repetitive, value in a range of data |
| Negbinomdist(numOfSuccess, numOfFailure, probability) | Returns the negative binomial distribution |
| Normdist(x, mean, standardDeviation, cumulative) | Returns the normal cumulative distribution for the specified mean and standard deviation |
| Norminv(probability, mean, standardDeviation) | Returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution function (Nomdist) |
| Normsdist(z) | Returns the standard normal cumulative distribution (has a mean of zero and standard deviation of one) |
| Normsinv(probability) | Returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution function (Normsdist) |
| Pearson(reference1, reference2) | Returns the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient r |
| Percentile(reference, n) | Returns the n-th percentile |
| Percentrank(reference, x, decimal) | Returns the rank of a value in a data set as a percentage of the data set |
| Permut(number, numberChosen) | Returns the number of permutations. Number is the number of objects, numberChosen is the number of objects in each permutation |
| Poisson(x, mean, cumulative) | Returns the Poisson distribution |
| Prob(values, probabilities, lowLimit, upLimit) | Returns the probability that values in a range are between two limits [lowerLimit..upperLimit] |
| Skew(number, number, ...) | Returns the skewness of a distribution |
| Standardize(x, mean, standardDeviation) | Returns a normalized value from a distribution characterized by mean and standard deviation |
| Stdev(number, number, ...) | Estimates the standard deviation based on a sample |
| StdevA(number, number, ...) | Estimates standard deviation based on a sample (TRUE is 1, FALSE and texts are 0) |
| StdevP(number, number, ...) | Calculates the standard deviation of the entire population |
| StdevpA(number, number, ...) | Calculates standard deviation based on an entire population (TRUE is 1, FALSE and texts are 0) |
| Tdist(x, degOfFreedom, type) | Returns the Student’s t-distribution |
| Tinv(probability, degOfFreedom) | Returns the inverse of the Student’s t-distribution |
| Var(number, number, ...) | Estimates the variance based on a sample |
| VarA(number, number, ...) | Estimates variance based on a sample (TRUE is 1, FALSE and texts are 0) |
| VarP(number, number, ...) | Calculates variance of the entire population |
| VarpA(number, number, ...) | Calculates variance based on an entire population (TRUE is 1, FALSE and texts are 0) |
| Weibull(x, alfa, beta, cumulative) | Returns the Weibull distribution |
Financial Functions
| Ddb(cost, salvage, life, period, factor) | Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period using the double-declining balance method (you can specify other method). Cost is the initial cost of the asset. Salvage is the value at the end of the depreciation. Life is the number of periods over which the asset is being depreciated. Period is the period for which you want to calculate the depreciation. Period must use the same units as life. Factor is the rate at which the balance declines. If factor is omitted, it is assumed to be 2. All the arguments must be positive numbers | Ddb(30000, 500, 3650, 10) = 16.357 |
| Fv(rate, nper, pmt, pv, type) | Returns the future value of an investment. Rate is the interest rate per period. Nper is the total number of payment periods in an annuity. Pmt is the payment made each period. Pv is the present value. Type can be 0 or 1 (0 - payments at the end of the period, 1 - at the beginning). If type is omitted, it is assumed to be 0 | Fv(0.01, 12, -500) = 6341.25 |
| IPmt(rate, per, nper, pv, fv, type) | Returns the interest payment for an investment. Per is the period for which you want to find the interest (must be 1 <= per <= nper). For more information see Pmt | Ipmt(0.01, 1, 24, 5000) = -50 |
| Nper(rate, pmt, pv, fv, type) | Returns the number of periods for an investment. For more information see Pmt | Example: Nper(0.01, -100, -1000, 20000) = 101 |
| Npv(rate, value1, value2...) | Returns the net present value of an investment. Rate is the rate of discount over the length of one period. Value1, value2, are arguments representing the payments (negative values) and income (positive values) | Example: Npv(10%, -10000, 4000, 5000, 6000) = 2069.53 |
| Pmt(rate, nper, pv, fv, type) | Returns the periodical payment for an annuity. Rate is the interest rate per period, nper is the number of payment periods in an annuity, pv is the present value, fv is the future value, type see Fv | Pmt(0.01, 10, 10000) = -1055.82 |
| PPmt(rate, per, nper, pv, fv, type) | Returns the payment on the principa for a given period of an investment. For more information see Pmt | Ppmt(0.01, 1, 36, 1000) = -23.21 |
| Pv(rate, nper, pmt, fv, type) | Returns the present value of an investment. For more information see Pmt | Pv(0.01, 5*12, 1000, 0) = -44955.04 |
| Rate(nper, pmt, pv, fv, type, guess) | Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity. For more information see Pmt. Guess is your guess for what the rate will be | Rate(36, -300, 10000, 0) = 0.42% |
| Sln(cost, salvage, life) | Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period. Cost is the initial cost of the asset. Salvage is the value at the end of the depreciation. Life is the number of periods | Sln(40000, 5000, 8) = 4375 |
| Syd(cost, salvage, life, period) | Returns the sum-of-years' digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period. Cost is the initial cost of the asset. Salvage is the value at the end of the depreciation. Life is the number of periods. Period is the period | Syd(40000, 5000, 8, 8) = 972.22 |
Date & Time Functions
| Date(year, month, day) | Returns a particular date | Year(Date(1999, 1, 1)) = 1999 |
| DateValue(dateText) | Converts a date in the form of text to a serial number | DateValue("1/1/99") = 36161 |
| Day(date) | Returns the day of a date | Day(1/1/99) = 1 |
| Hour(time) | Returns the hour of a time | Hour(2:45) = 2 |
| Minute(time) | Returns the minutes of a time | Minute(2:45) = 45 |
| Month(date) | Returns the month of a date | Month(1/1/99) = 1 |
| Now() | Returns the current date and time | |
| Second(time) | Returns the seconds of a time | Second(Time(1, 45, 20)) = 20 |
| Time(hour, min, sec) | Returns a particalar time | Time(1,45,0) = 1:45 |
| TimeValue(timeText) | Converts a time in the form of text to a serial number | TimeValue("1:45") = 0.072917 |
| Today() | Returns the current date | |
| Weekday(date, type) | Returns the day of the week corresponding to a date. If type = 1 or omitted returns: 1 (Sunday) through 7 (Saturday) | Weekday(Date(1999,8,15)) = 1 |
| Year(date) | Returns the year of a date | Year(Date(1999, 1, 1)) = 1999 |
Logical Functions
| And(logical1, logical2, ...) | Returns TRUE if all its arguments are TRUE, otherwise returns FALSE | And(FALSE, TRUE) = FALSE |
| If(condition, trueValue, falseValue) | Returns trueValue if condition evaluates to TRUE or falseValue if condition evaluates to FALSE | If(sin(12)>1, "strange", "normal") |
| Not(logical) | Reverses logical value | Not(TRUE) = FALSE |
| Or(logical1, logical2, ...) | Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE, otherwise return FALSE. Example | Or(FALSE, TRUE) = TRUE |
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